Military, political, technical, and education approach: information warfare is a multi-factor domain. But what about ethics? If we consider information warfare as part of the general war, instead of as a separate entity, we have to go deeper into this dimension. From the dawn of the recorded history of conflict, attempts have been made to…

Even if it’s not conducted with “hot” weapons, Information Warfare is not the Cold War because the world is not bipolar anymore. We live in a multipolar world, and the war for information and knowledge spreads to the rest of the West and to ongoing conflicts. Information manipulation exists and is used by everyone: from…

2018 has been a crucial year for defining global strategies in cyberspace, especially for the United States. According to the Command Vision for U.S. Cyber Command, called “Achieve and Maintain Cyber Superiority”, cyberspace is “already militarized”, and disruptive, AI-based technologies will accelerate the adversaries’ ability to impose costs. The U.S. Cyber Command Vision draws attention…

In the cyber domain, experts are already familiar and actively responding to the “Advanced Persistent Threats” (APTs). They were originally used to describe cyber intrusions against military organizations. APTs have evolved and are no longer limited to the military domain. As highlighted in several large-scale security breaches, APTs have been targeting a wide range of…

Information warfare in the social media age Today, social media are increasingly relevant in shaping public opinion, and we don’t yet know the limits of this process. Still, it’s a common opinion that they are just “echo chambers”. Foreign actors with malicious intent can exploit this inherent feature of social media, manipulate online information to…

We talk about “information warfare” and “cyberwar” for decades, starting from sci-fi novels and moving through philosophical and military essays. However, the definition is continuously evolving and adapting to a domain that mirrors the “liquid” society we live in, the “age of uncertainty”. This concept, developed in the last decades even before the end of…

Land, Sea, Sky, Space: these are the “classical” warfare theory domains. But at the turning point of the 1990s, a “fifth element” was officially enunciated: the cyber domain. In these decades, information and media became more and more decisive in drawing the blurred line between victory and defeat in the multipolar world we live in:…